Application windows are resized or moved to one monitor when VNC Viewer connects

Why does this happen?

VNC Server uses a Mirror Driver (by default) to improve performance. The VNC Mirror Driver does not support Aero effects. This is a known issue with all mirror drivers (as discussed in Microsoft forums).

When VNC Viewer connects to VNC Server, if VNC Mirror Driver is enabled and Aero themes are in use, the colour scheme is changed to the Windows Basic theme. This can have some unpredictable effects, as window borders are different in Aero and Basic. This causes windows to be slightly resized, which may cause their maximization to change. When connecting to a VNC Server computer with multiple monitors, the window may be moved from stretching across monitors to fill only one monitor.

What can I do to resolve this?

Depending on the application running on the VNC Server computer, disabling VNC Mirror Driver can resolve this. To do so, go to VNC Server's Options, Expert tab and set CaptureMethod to 1. For more information about this parameter, please see https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/docs/server-parameter-ref.html#server-capturemethod

Additionally, changing the desktop theme to Windows Basic may solve the issue for some applications.

Finally, for some applications, such as Windows Media Player or Microsoft PowerPoint slideshows, disabling connection notifications is required, otherwise fullscreen video mode will be exited when a VNC Viewer user connects. To disable connection notifications, open VNC Server's Options, Expert tab and set  ConnNotifyTimeout to 0.